Banisteriopsis caapi :: Botany

Banisteriopsis caapiIt was thirty minutes before I felt the first sensation, a numbness on the lips, and a warmth in my stomach that spread to my chest and shoulders even as a distinct chill moved down my waist and commence limbs...I opened my eyes to a flash of light, a passing headlight on the road, harsh and intrusive. I retreated again and felt myself fade into an uneasy physical body, prostrate on the mat, and tormented by vertigo and a mounting nausea (Davis 1996). This account describes the beginning feelings and affects of an experience between Wade Davis and yage, a drink whose main component is the plant Banisteriopsis caapi. Banisteriopsis caapi is a plant found in the tropical regions of South America, including the countries of Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, and more. It is a liana that grows in the tropical forests of these regions and is often utilized in native tribe cultures. Many different aboriginal tribes of the Amazon rainforests use drinks prep atomic number 18d from this plant under many different names ayahuasca, caapi, yage, yaje, natem, datem, pinde, dapa, and more. It has been apply in various tribe cultures for years and still has a place in todays societies and religions.Banisteriopsis of the Malpighiaceae, is a genus of around one hundred species of plants in tropical America. cardinal of these are known for their hallucinogenic affects in ayahuasca. These three plants are B. inebriens, B. caapi (Schultes 1970) and B. quitensis (Schultes 1995). The best known of these three species and the main component of ayahuasca is B. caapi. When the drink ayahuasca is made, it is often supplemented with other plants that succeed hallucinogenic properties to the drink. there are many species of plants, stretching across genera, that are added. Some of the plants included in these various admixtures are Diplopterys cabrerana, Psychotria viridis, and Psychotria carthaginensis. There are also members of the Solanaceae that are commonly used, Nicot iana species, Brugmansia species, and Brunfelsia species (Schultes and von Reis 1995). These plants bring different chemical constituents to the drink.The chemical components of Banisteriopsis caapi that cause the hallucinogenic final result are beta-carboline alkaloids found in the bark. More than nine alkaloids have been isolated in B. caapi. The three main active constituents, and most well known from this plant, are harmine, harmaline, and tetrahydroharmine. Other beta-carboline alkoloids include harmine-N-oxide, harmic acid methylester, harmalinic acid, harmic amide, and more (Kawanishi et al 1982).

Politics Paper :: essays research papers

One of the first things we have learned more or less politics this semester is that in that location is a constant struggle over the true definition, especially in how broad or specialize the definition is. When Thomas Jefferson wrote that governmental relation are much(prenominal) torment that I would advise everyone I love not to mix with them. it is understood that he is referring to the electoral and governmental aspects of politics. If Dr. Michael Rivage-Seul and Leslie Cagan were to read this quote, they would argue that Jefferson has an extremely narrow view of politics and that if one were to desire a more accurate definition, they would have to look further than the restrictive culturally accepted definition. Martin Luther King, Jr. would alike disagree with this definition but he I think he would have a bigger problem with the advice that Jefferson is giving. All three of the authors that we have looked at would, in one way or another, be forced to disagree with Jeff erson based on the principles that they try to uphold and emphasize in their writings and speeches. gibe to Dr. Michael Rivage-Seul, we are living in a world full of deceit and human frailty. He stresses this particular point in his es word Taking Risks in Platos Cave which helps to illustrate that not everything we know to be true is actually true. He also believes that, just as in the parable, we have an province to ourselves to look at all aspects and trey to understand all observed viewpoints. His words enforce this belief when he says We cant begin our go from ignorance without the intervention of an outsider, without listening to others. (Rivage-Seul, 6). In his teachings, Rivage-Seul tries to highlight the importance of thinking for ourselves and always being weary of a socially accepted truth. If Leslie Cagan, author of the essay What is Politics? was asked to comment on Jeffersons quote, I would imagine that she would probably scorn him for his narrow minded view of poli tics. I am also led to believe that she would say that Jefferson was no more politically aware than the rest of the general public because of the common ignorant definition they share. Cagan would argue that politics has to do with just about everything in the world and he stresses the complexity and immeasurable depth in the word when he says How we understand (and therefore act out of that understanding) politics and political struggle is no small matter.

Old Man and the Sea Concludes with Santiagos Death Essay examples -- e

Old Man and the Sea EssayIt is believable that Santiago is dead at the end of The Old Man and the Sea. This conclusion can be deduced from the various hints Hemingway used throughout the novel. The foreshadowing of Santiagos death, his comparison to Christ, and his bad slew helps one decipher that the death of the old man took place at the end of the bulk.First, something that leads the reader to believe that Santiago is dead at the end of the book is foreshadowing. One event that foreshadowed Santiagos death was the death of the marlin. The fish and the old man displayed similar qualities of strength, bravery and determination. For instance, the old man surpassed his natural limits by staying far out at sea, while the fish exceeded its own boundaries by leading Santiago out for eighty-seven days. Besides these similar characteristics, Santiago entangle that the marlin and he had a close relationship, as shown in the following quote Then he was sorry for the great fish It i s enough to live on the sea and kill our true brothers (75). Santiagos similarity to the fish a...

Male Homosexual Roles Among the Isthmus Zapotec of Southern Mexico Essa

Male Homosexual Roles Amog the Isthmus Zapotec of Southern MexicoCarlos and Javier are two men living in the city of Juchitn, Mexico. They work at a small hotel just off the z-calo, the main town square. Sometimes they converge with other men outside the hotel to watch people as they walk past(a) in the z-calo. As nearly anywhere in Mexico, the men comment and nudge each other when an attractive woman passes, but Carlos and Javier remain understood throughout the exchange. It is not until an attractive young man walks by that they speak up. Uy, que guapo Carlos exclaims Ah, how handsome Carlos and Javier are muxe, the effeminate male homosexuals of Isthmus Zapotec culture.Male quirkiness and transvestism is present in many if not most Native American societies to at least some degree, notably the DinZh, Lakota, Tohono Oodham, and so on. In pre-Hispanic Mexico, homosexuals were common and respected in most area cultures. With the advent of the Spaniards, however, homosexuals and tr ansvestites were pushed further and further to the margins of society, branded as deviants and persecuted under the influence of a rampant machismo. unaccompanied in a few places did homosexuality survive as a common and respected practice. The Isthmus of Tehuantepec in Oaxaca state at the very southern of Mexico, home to the Zapotec people, is one of these places. I was privileged to spend July and August of 2000 living among the Zapotec in the city of Juchitn. I was intrigued by the position of homosexuals in this culture, and following are some of my efforts to understand them.Muxe is the Zapotec word for effeminate male homosexuals, though the origins of the word remain in debate. Probably the word derives from the Span... ...to peoples wish the Zapotec as we try to determine how to respond. North Americans have much to learn from a society that extends to homosexuals an acknowledged and respected role.1Bennholdt-Thomsen, p. 2802The word mayate is a Mexican Spanish term for a Coleoptera beetles.3Bennholdt-Thomsen, p. 3044 CAAN, p. 405Bennholdt-Thomsen, p. 293-294 ReferencesBennholdt-Thomsen, et al.Juchitn, la ciudad de las mujeres. Oaxaca, Mexico Instituto Oaxaqueo de las Culturas. 1997. Canadian Aboriginal Aids Network, Canadian Strategy on HIV/AIDS, and health Canada. Hands Across the World An Indigenous Peoples Forum. Final Report, July 17, 1999 AIDS Impact Conference. Ottawa Blue Moon Consulting. 1999. Chias, Beverly L. The Isthmus Zapotecs Womens Roles in heathenish Context. New York Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 1973.

Stem Cell Research - Genetically Unstable Stem Cells Essay -- Genetic

A new study of problems in cloning suggests that embryonic stem cells are surprisingly genetically unstable in mice and perhaps in humans as well. This may complicate efforts to turn the cells into cures, and interfere with efforts to produce all-purpose cell lines that could reliably become tissue of whatsoever(prenominal) desired type. You may have to establish hundreds of lines to get the few youd want to have, Dr. John Gearhart of Johns Hopkins University now says. Establishing hundreds of these cell lines could require destroying many thousands of human embryos, and replenishing them with thousands more when the archetype cell lines become too unstable for further use. Perhaps most troubling is the news that these researchers deleted from their final paper a reference to this problem, believing that any public acknowledgment of such setbacks has become too politically sensitive. We can only wonder how much of this kind of information is being withheld without detection. We h ave reached a stage in this discussion where, on the side supporting destructive embryo research, science is becoming subservient to politics. Most Christians have grave concerns on this critically important issue of embryonic stem cell research. In our view, conducting research that relies on deliberate destruction of human embryos for their stem cells is banned, immoral and unnecessary. It is illegal because it violates an appropriations rider (the Dickey amendment) passed every year since 1995 by Congress. That provision forbids funding research in which human embryos (whether initially created for research purposes or not) are harmed or destroyed outside the womb.(1) National Institutes of Health guidelines approved by the Clinton Admini... ...ency (SCID)-X1 Disease, 288 Science 669-72 (28 April 2000). 16. K. Foss, Paraplegic regains movement after cell procedure, The Globe and Mail (Toronto), June 15, 2001 at A1. 17. E. Ryan et al., Glycemic event Post Islet Transplanta tion, Abstract 33-LB, Annual Meeting of the American Diabetes Association, June 24, 2001. See http//38.204.37.95/am01/AnnualMeeting/Abstracts/NumberResults.asp?idAbs=33-LB. 18. M. McCullough, Islet transplants offer hope that diabetes can be cured, Philadelphia Inquirer, June 22, 2001 at A1. 19. D. Woodbury et al., Adult seat and Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Differentiate Into Neurons, 61 J. of Neuroscience Research 364-70 (2000) at 364 (emphasis added). 20. D. Prockop, Stem Cell Research Has Only Just Begun (Letter), 293 Science 211-2 (13 July 2001)(citations omitted).

Stem Cell Research - Genetically Unstable Stem Cells Essay -- Genetic

A new study of problems in cloning suggests that embryonic stem cells are surprisingly genetically unstable in mice and perhaps in benignants as well. This may complicate efforts to turn the cells into cures, and interfere with efforts to produce all-purpose cell lines that could reliably become tissue of any desired type. You may have to establish hundreds of lines to get the few youd want to have, Dr. John Gearhart of Johns Hopkins University now says. Establishing hundreds of these cell lines could require destroying more thousands of human embryos, and replenishing them with thousands more when the original cell lines become too unstable for further use. Perhaps most troubling is the news that these interrogationers deleted from their final paper a reference to this problem, believing that any public acknowledgment of such setbacks has become too politically sensitive. We can only wonder how much of this kind of discipline is being withheld without detection. We have reach ed a stage in this discussion where, on the side supporting destructive embryo research, science is becoming subservient to politics. closely Christians have grave concerns on this critically important issue of embryonic stem cell research. In our view, conducting research that relies on deliberate destruction of human embryos for their stem cells is illegal, immoral and unnecessary. It is illegal because it violates an appropriations rider (the Dickey amendment) passed every year since 1995 by Congress. That provision forbids funding research in which human embryos (whether initially created for research purposes or not) are harmed or destroyed outside the womb.(1) National Institutes of Health guidelines approved by the Clinton Admini... ...ency (SCID)-X1 Disease, 288 Science 669-72 (28 April 2000). 16. K. Foss, Paraplegic regains movement after cell procedure, The world and Mail (Toronto), June 15, 2001 at A1. 17. E. Ryan et al., Glycemic Outcome Post Islet Transplantatio n, Abstract 33-LB, Annual Meeting of the American Diabetes Association, June 24, 2001. See http//38.204.37.95/am01/AnnualMeeting/Abstracts/NumberResults.asp?idAbs=33-LB. 18. M. McCullough, Islet transplants offer hope that diabetes can be cured, Philadelphia Inquirer, June 22, 2001 at A1. 19. D. Woodbury et al., Adult Rat and Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Differentiate Into Neurons, 61 J. of Neuroscience Research 364-70 (2000) at 364 (emphasis added). 20. D. Prockop, Stem Cell Research Has Only scantily Begun (Letter), 293 Science 211-2 (13 July 2001)(citations omitted).